The ayyubid dynasty in syria lasted until 1260, when the mamluks became the new rulers in damascus. Over the course of its long history as the seat of government for the ayyubid, mamluk, ottoman, and khedival rulers of egypt from the thirteenth to the nineteenth centuries, the citadel has been. The ayyubid dynasty is often represented by the colour yellow. Ayyubid a dynasty in the middle east, founded in egypt in 1171 by salahaldin saladin after the fall of the fatimids. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled gnu free documentation license. The citadel of aleppo represents a palimpsest of evidence of occupation from the hittite, hellenistic, roman, byzantine, zangid, ayyubid, mamluk, and ottoman periods. Pages in category royal dynasties the following 57 pages are in this category, out of 57 total. The ayyubid dynasty ruled many parts of the middle east and north africa in the 12th and th centuries. The city of aleppo was a very important centre for the ayyubid dynasty in the th century. Founded by saladin, it was comparatively shortlived, but spread an age of economic prosperity and intellectual development. The ayyubid or ayyoubid dynasty was a muslim dynasty of kurdish origins which ruled egypt, syria, yemen except for the northern mountains, diyar bakr, mecca, hejaz and northern iraq in the 12th and th centuries. People in egypt and syria gradually decided that the fatimids were too weak to rule anymore. Ither ayyubid territories, includin yemen, the hejaz, nubie an eastern libie are nae includit. The ayyubid city fortification of cairo by lara iskander.
Pdf the citadel of cairo is a monument that has been studied extensively by. The dynasty ruled large parts of the middle east during the 12th and th centuries. At its height the empire included egypt, syria, and yemen. Dislikes civilizations following other religions, or civilizations waging war on followers of his religion.
Qala cairo architecture of the ayyubid period archnet. Salah aldin established the ayyubid sultanate after disbanding the fatimid caliph in 1171. An online book by terry allen presents and discusses architecture of the ayyubid period mainly in syria. Sunni muslim dynasty of kurdish origins, ruling from late 12th to the middle of the th century over egypt, jordan and syria together with large parts of yemen, hijaz and territories in northern iraq. Ayyubid dynasty simple english wikipedia, the free. Use a dash to exclude the coins matching with a word or expression. The ayyubids and mamluks, who succeeded the fatimids in egypt and syria, retained the association of yellow with the ruler. Ayyubid dynasty article about ayyubid dynasty by the. During it egypt regained the regional preeminence it had lost under the. The crusader era and the ayyubid dynasty chapter 9 the.
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online. Hassan abd alwahab authoreditor keywords islamic architecture, historical architecture language arabic file type size. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publishers book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. After repulsing a crusader army that had reached the gates of fatimid cairo and occupying egypt on behalf of the zangids 1160s, salah aldin declared the fatimid caliphate to be at its end, and. Ayyubids, mamluks, and the latin east in the thirteenth. Salah aldin declared the end of fatimid caliphate, and established the ayyubid sultanate 1171. Did saladin lead the ayyubid arabs or the seljuk turks. Mediterranean and that the dynasties in egypt and syri. Description wants to have his worship building in many cities, and likes a civilization with it. The citadel of cairo was built by a lieutenant of the ayyubid ruler salah aldin between 11761183 as a royal residence and military barracks.
In 5691174 salah aldin yusuf ibn ayyub, founder of the ayyubid dynasty, ordered one of his ablest amirs, qaraqush, to start. Ayyubiyyun was a muslim dynasty of kurdish origin, founded by saladin and centered in egypt. The exhibit focuses on the rule of the ayyubids in jerusalem beginning with the citys conquest by saladin 1187 ce, founder of the ayyubid dynasty in egypt. Pdf the citadel of cairo in the ayyubid period and the. The dynasty was founded by saladin, but named after his father, ayyub. The ayyubid dynasty 11711250, which followed the shia fatimid rule, marked a return to dominance for sunni islam. One of their generals, saladin salah addin ibn ayyub in arabic, took over control from the fatimids. Salah aldin saladin, the founder of the ayyubid dynasty, carried a yellow flag emblazoned with an eagle, supposedly inherited from the zangid dynasty.
The ayyubid dynasty ruled many parts of the middle east and north africa in the 12th and th. The dynasty ruled much of the middle east during the 12th and th centuries ce. Ayyubids, mamluks, and the latin east in the thirteenth century there was, once upon a time, a widely accepted myth that the muslim rulers and peoples of southwest asia were from the outset bitterly opposed to the presence among them of the crusaders variously portrayed as infidels or. Ayyubid empire sultanate, 11711252 was an egyptian sultanate founded by salah aldin yusuf ibn ayyub or saladin. Mamluk, slave soldier, a member of one of the armies of slaves that won political control of several muslim states. Ayyubid dominions in egypt, syria and upper mesopotamia included. In 1171 ad, salah aldin, or, saladin, the kurdish nephew of nur aldins best general, shirkuh, became sultan and founded the ayyubid dynasty. He did not lead the arabs, but rather the forces of the old egy. Mamluk, slave soldier, a member of one of the armies of slaves that won. Ayyubid article about ayyubid by the free dictionary. Permission is granted to copy, distribute andor modify this document under the terms of the gnu free documentation license, version 1. To search an expression, simply put quotation marks around it.
The ayyubid dynasty came to power under the leadership of the kurdish zangid general salah aldin r. The following is a list of ayyubid rulers by province. Founded by saladin ibn ayyub, ruler of egypt, syriapalestine, most of mesopotamia, and. Mamluk generals used their power to establish a dynasty that ruled egypt. The ayyubids are also known as ayoubites, ayyoubites, ayoubides or ayyoubides. Pages in category ayyubid dynasty the following 21 pages are in this category, out of 21 total. Pdf on jan 1, 2001, alan walmsley and others published fatimid, ayyubid and mamluk jordan and the crusader interlude find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
The ayyubids are also known as ayoubites, ayyoubites, ayoubides or ayyoubides the ayyubid dynasty was begun by saladin salah ahdin. Saladin had risen to vizier of fatimid egypt in 1169, before. The ayyubid dynasty was a muslim dynasty of kurdish origin, founded by saladin and centered in egypt. Mamluks and their relatives in the period of the mamluk. This population figur anly includes egyp, sirie, northren iraq, palestine an transjordan. The mamluk dynasty carefully codified the furusiyya, and beautiful illustrated examples were. The ayyubid period was a turningpoint in egypts premodern history. Ayyub and his tribe came from the mountains of modern eastern turkey, establishing themselves as soldiers serving the seljuq. Pdf fatimid, ayyubid and mamluk jordan and the crusader. It ruled egypt, palestine, syria, most of yemen, diyar bakr, mecca, hejaz and northern iraq in the 12th and th centuries. Ayyubid dynasty, saladin, saladin in egypt, annasir yusuf, turanshah, najm addin ayyub, alkamil, shirkuh, almansur ibrahim, azzahir ghazi, abulfida, shaddadid, assalih ismail, almuzaffar umar, annasir. Citadel of aleppo the majority of aleppo citadels structure that stands today dates back to the ayyubid period. Egypt was ruled by the kurdish general salah aldin saladin. The mamluk class came to an end under the rule of muhammad ali in egypt.
It was under ayyubid rule that the citadel reached its greatest peak, after salah addin saladin, the founder of the ayyubid dynasty, succeeded in capturing aleppo in 1182. The ayyubid family, under the brothers ayyub and shirkuh, originally served as soldiers for the zengids until they supplanted them under saladin, ayyubs son. The fatimid dynasty in egypt met its end in 1169 at the hands of a commander, named nur aldin. Ayyubid dynasty culture architecture architecture military architecture was the supreme expression of the ayyubid period, as well as an eagerness to fortify the restoration of sunni islam, especially in a previously shiadominated egypt by constructing sunni madrasas. The dynasty is named after ayyuba ibnshadi, father of salahaldin. Ayyubid definition is a member of a muslim dynasty founded in 1171 the separate branches of which flourished in egypt, syria, palestine, mesopotamia, and southern arabia. Pronunciation of ayyubid with 1 audio pronunciation, 9 translations and more for ayyubid. The following is a list of ayyubid rulers by countyprovince.
Ayyubids, mamluks, and the latin east in the thirteenth century. The exhibit follows the long struggle between the ayyubids and the crusaders for control of city a struggle which ended in a peace treaty between the crusader king frederick ii and the ayyubid ruler. Ayyubid dynasty o opponents nuredin the assassins want. Under the ayyubid sultanate, mamluk generals used their power to establish a dynasty that ruled egypt and syria from 1250 to 1517. Ayyubid palace complex in the citadel of aleppo world.